A sprain is an injury to a ligament, which is a fibrous band that connects bone to bone. A sprain can also be called a tear or rupture of a ligament depending on the severity.

A strain is an injury to a tendon, which is a fibrous band that connects muscle to bone.

Sprains and strains can be either acute or overuse injuries.

An acute injury is one that happens suddenly, like from a bad fall. An overuse injury results from using an area of the body too much. This includes:

• Putting too much stress on it
• Participating with lack of skills in a sport
• Repeat activity without enough rest

The signs and symptoms of a sprain or strain can vary, but the most common ones are:

• Pain in the injured area
• Swelling in the injured area
• Difficulty using or moving the injured area
• Warmth, bruising and/or redness in the injured area

Experts recommend reducing pain and swelling with the "RICE" approach for the first day or two after a sprain or strain:

• Rest: Do not put any weight on the injured area for 48 hours. Your child might need crutches or a cane.
• Ice: Apply ice to the injury for 20 minutes at a time four to eight times a day.
• Compress: Use splints, casts, bandages or special boots to compress the sprained or strained area. Ask your child's doctor which one is best and how tight it should be.
• Elevate: Rest the injured area on a pillow, and keep it elevated above the heart as much as possible.

Our specialists also recommend over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen.

After two days, experts usually advise gently exercising the sprained or strained area. This can help increase strength and prevent stiffness. They will also tell you when it’s safe for your child to return to usual activities.

Severe sprains and strains need medical attention. Schedule an appointment when the following occur:

• Symptoms last more than two or three days
• Your child can’t walk or bear weight
• Your child has poor range of motion
• The injured area is visibly deformed for a prolonged amount of time
• Severe pain prevents use of any body part

Our specialists use a combination of history, physical exam and diagnostic test for diagnosis of a sprain or strain. These tests may include:

• X-Ray
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

In addition to rest and at-home care, there are many additional ways Children’s Wisconsin experts care for sprains and strains including:

• Athletic training
• Bracing
• Physical therapy
• Rest
• RICE
• Surgery