What Is an Anorectal Malformation?
An anorectal malformation is a spectrum of congenital abnormalities involving the anus and rectum. Anorectal malformation may be present with other birth defects, such as abnormalities of the spine, heart, kidneys, limbs and the urologic and reproductive systems. This diagnosis often requires a multidisciplinary team to provide the best care.
How Are Anorectal Malformations Diagnosed?
Anorectal malformations are sometimes diagnosed prenatally, however more often they are identified in the newborn period on physical exam or if babies have not stooled in the first 48 hours. Doctors will obtain imaging to get a better understanding of anatomy and associated anomalies, which may include abdominal X-ray, abdominal ultrasound, spinal ultrasound, ECHO and contrast study of the lower GI tract.
What Are the Symptoms of Anorectal Malformation?
Passing stools may be difficult or not possible at all depending on the severity of the anorectal malformation.
What Are Care Options for Anorectal Malformation?
Depending on the anorectal malformation present, one or more surgeries may be needed. Surgery may require other subspecialists such as gynecologists, urologists and gastroenterologists.
What Does Surgery for Anorectal Malformation Look Like?
Creation of a colostomy is often performed first. This procedure brings the intestine through the abdominal wall and allows the stool the pass into a bag outside the body. This sets the stage for posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP), a surgery where the rectum is separated from the urogenital tract and the rectum is placed in the center of the sphincter muscles.
What Does Management Look Like After Surgery?
Following surgery, pediatric surgeons alongside specialists such as urologists, gynecologists and gastroenterologists work together to provide a unique care plan for each patient. After surgery, it is important to ensure the patient has regular, soft stools, sometimes with the aid of medications, and to monitor for possible issues that may be related to surgery.