Our specialists use a combination of history, physical exam and imaging tests for diagnosis of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. These tests include:

• X-Ray
• CT Scan
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

An X-ray (test that creates images of bones) is usually the only test that is needed. These conditions often can be seen on an X-ray. In certain cases, other imaging tests (such as an MRI or a CT scan) may be done to get more information about your child's spine.

In addition to rest and at-home care instructions, there are other ways Children’s Wisconsin experts care for spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in youth and adolescents including:

• Medications: To help reduce back pain and swelling, medications may be prescribed. These are usually NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). These medications include ibuprofen and naproxen. They may be over-the-counter or prescription. Your health care provider will tell you what types and dosage are best for your child. Give these medications to your child only as prescribed.
• Resting the back: This means stopping any activity that stresses the back. Once your child stops having symptoms, he or she can go back to a normal activity level. If a child continues to have symptoms, a small reduction in activity may help.
• Athletic training: Working with the licensed athletic trainer at your school, can help support the rehab and pain management needs as a young athlete goes through the treatment plan for spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.
• Bracing: Your child may be fitted with a brace to wear for a few weeks to months. This brace takes stress off the spine, allowing symptoms to resolve.
• Chiropractic care: an effective way to treat many types of neck and back pain, as well as headaches, with hands on treatments called adjustments. 
• Physical therapy: Stretching and strengthening the muscles around the spine and in the legs can help relieve symptoms due to these conditions. Your doctor may refer your child to a physical therapist (PT) for a course of physical therapy and exercises.
• Surgery: If spondylolisthesis is severe or can't be treated with nonsurgical means, surgery may be done. During surgery, the slipping vertebra is fused to the vertebra below it to prevent further movement.

Expert pediatric care: Our pediatric spine and sports medicine specialists work together to provide outstanding and compassionate care for all spine conditions. Our interdisciplinary team of pediatric spine experts includes specialists from orthopedics, sports medicine, psychology, and physical and occupational therapy. From diagnosis through treatment, we’ll partner with your family to develop the best care plan for your child. We use noninvasive treatment options whenever possible. If your child needs spinal surgery, our highly skilled surgeons use the most advanced techniques and technology to deliver optimal results and shorter recovery times.