Children on the autism spectrum may talk, play or interact with others in a way that seems consistently different from their peers. Here’s an overview of autism and how it affects kids.
What Is Autism?
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Children with these disorders have brains that work differently, and these differences can affect a wide range of behaviors. Autistic kids have symptoms in two main areas:
Social Communication and Social Interaction
- Difficulty using words to express needs or challenges with back-and-forth conversation
- Differences in nonverbal communication, such as eye contact and gestures
- Preferring to play independently rather than playing with other children, or are interested in playing with others but have trouble understanding the “unwritten rules” of social interactions
Restricted Repetitive Behaviors
- Doing certain things over and over, like moving in repetitive ways or repeating the same words or sounds
- Showing a very strong interest in a specific topic, activity or object
- Struggling with change or transitions
- Sensory sensitivities (to light, sound, taste, etc.)
To meet criteria for an autism diagnosis, a child must have persistent symptoms in different areas of social communication and interaction, plus restricted repetitive behaviors.
It’s important to remember that autism is an extremely diverse spectrum, and every autistic person is different in terms of their strengths, challenges and interests.
What Causes Autism?
There is a lot we still don’t know about what causes autism. We know that genetics play an important role. Certain genetic conditions, like tuberous sclerosis complex and Fragile X syndrome, are associated with autism. Other factors, like prenatal exposure to certain drugs, older parental age and premature birth can also increase the likelihood of autism. We do know that vaccines do not cause autism.
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How Common Is Autism?
Autism is very common — 1 in 36 children are now diagnosed with autism. Autism rates have increased significantly in recent decades. This is partly because more people are aware of autism, and we know more about how it may look different for different people.
Boys are about four times more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls. Researchers think that this is due to a combination of biological and social factors.
What Should I do if I Think My Child May Be On the Autism Spectrum?
- Start by talking to your child’s primary care provider.
- Some pediatricians may be able to evaluate your child for autism.
- They may also refer you to the Children’s Wisconsin Center for Child Development for an evaluation.
- They may refer you to services like speech or occupational therapy.
- Find out what services your child may qualify for through the state. Your child does not need a formal autism diagnosis in order to receive these services.
- If your child is under 3 years of age, contact the Wisconsin Birth to 3 program.
- If your child is between ages 3-18, contact your local public school district.
What Therapies Can Help Support a Child on the Autism Spectrum?
A wide variety of therapies can help your child learn new skills and develop coping strategies, and help you develop tools to support your child. Depending on your child’s needs, these could include:
- Speech therapy
- Occupational therapy
- Social skills groups
- Applied behavior analysis (ABA)
- Behavioral parent training (such as Parent-Child Interaction Therapy)
- Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety or other mental health concerns
Some children also benefit from medication to manage co-occurring symptoms. Talk to your child’s primary care provider if you have questions about these options.
A new diagnosis of autism can feel overwhelming, but there is a vibrant local community of support. Autism United of Wisconsin is a great place to start — it offers a wealth of resources for every stage of your journey.
